corpus, corporis, n. The gender of each noun is marked with (m.) for masculine, (f.) for feminine, and (n.) for neuter.
Nominative
Genitive
English
cor
cordis
heart
pulmo
pulmonis
lung
ren
renis
kidney
venter
ventris
stomach
oculus
oculi
eye
nas
naris
nose
cerebrum
cerebri
brain
sanguis
sanguinis
blood
hepar
hepatis
liver
iecur
iecuris
liver
Latin uses two words for liver.
and masculine = m.). As such, you might imagine that the word musculus is secretly at the beginning of any muscle name that you see.
Some muscle names also describe their function and how they move in the body. (Usually, you can figure out the meanings of these Latin compounds because of their resemblance to words in English.
in the singular nominative case.
afferens, afferent (carrying toward)
communicans,communicant(sharing, communicating)
reuniens, reunient (joining again, reuniting)
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Bones of foot
The bones of foot (Latin: ossapedis) participate in the formation of the terminal part of the lower limb.
However, in practice, several bones are referred to by their second names, such as the humerus or the femur. The first word describes where to locate the muscle, while the second word describes a physical characteristic. (One way to remember these is that your major is your larger concentration, while your minor is your smaller concentration!)
Common Formulas
As mentioned in Lesson 18, while there are (at least) ten forms of each Latin noun, you won’t see many of them in practice.
or fem., nom., sing.), inferius(neut., nom., sing.)
major, -us, greater
major(masc. Barring that, you can always check individual roots!)
Latin muscle names often follow a two-word pattern.
Why do you think this is? (Hint: You will only use nominative and genitive adjectives and nouns!)
musculus rectus femoris
morbus coxae senilis
ansa cervicalis
orbicularis oculi
adductor magnus
linea alba
flexor digitorum manus
ansae nervorum spinalium
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Reflection Questions
What Latin or Greek terms have you seen in anatomy before?
The introduction to this lesson mentions that Greek is more common in the names of diseases and processes, while Latin is more common for body parts.
While both languages have their usages in medical vocabulary, Latin tends to appear in its original form more often than Greek in anatomical terms. But the big toe, similar to the thumb of the hand, is composed of two phalanges - proximal and distal.
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Anatomy Standard - Drawing Bones of foot: plantar view - Latin labels
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Bones of foot: plantar view.
vena, -ae, f. The foot consists of the tarsus (talus, calcaneus, cuneiformes (laterale, intermedium, and mediale), cuboid, and navicular bones), metatarsus (os metatarsale I-V), and phalanges (14). Latin labels.
Image retrieved from Anatomy Standard, page Tarsus.
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Anatomical structures in item
Pes
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges
Digiti pedis
Phalanx distalis pedis
Phalanx media pedis
Phalanx proximalis pedis
Calcaneus
Talus
Ossa metacarpalia [I-V]
Phalanges
Phalanx distalis manus
Phalanx media manus
Phalanx proximalis manus
Calcaneus
Talus
Os naviculare
Os cuboideum
Os cuneiforme laterale
Os cuneiforme intermedium
Os cuneiforme mediale
Ossa metatarsalia [I-V]
Hallux
Topics
Gross
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Drawing
The following will help you to understand this format.
Sometimes the foot contains some accessory bones near the metatarsophalangeal joints called the sesamoid bones that vary in number in each individual.
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The bones of the foot can be subdivided into three groups:
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Tarsal bones
The tarsal bones are seven short bones located between the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the metatarsal bones of the foot.
vein
corpus, corporis, n. body Adjective: corporalis, -e, corporal
First and Second Declension Type Adjectives: The dictionary entries for the first and second declension type adjectives show the nominative singular endings (masculine, feminine, and neuter) of the adjective in the following way:
Third Declension Type Adjectives: The dictionary entries for third declension adjectives are the nominative (masculine, feminine, and neuter) singular endings for these adjectives.
medialis, -e, medial (toward the middle) =
medialis(masc., or fem., nom., sing.),mediale(neut., nom., sing.)
Comparative Adjectives: The dictionary entries for a comparative adjective is as follows:
inferior, -us, inferior, more below =
inferior(masc.
Latin anatomical names follow some fairly regular patterns, most of which involve only nominatives and genitives, often in the singular.